Remodeling your bathroom offers many opportunities to create a healthier, more energy-efficient, and water-efficient space. Whether you’re doing a minor facelift or a complete overhaul, you’ll most likely need to call in a professional for part of the job. Be sure to use contractors who support your desire for an eco-friendly remodel with a minimum of waste and offgassing materials.

It may not be glamorous, but the most important upgrade you can make to your bathroom is to select water-saving fixtures. Californians are not new to water conservation, but as the situation becomes increasingly dire it’s simply irresponsible to remodel a bathroom without making this a high priority. Look for WaterSense-labeled faucets and showerheads as they use less water than federal law mandates, and then be sure not to run water longer than necessary. Ever wonder which uses less water, a bath or a shower? If you have a low-emitting showerhead, you’ll use about 10 gallons of water during a four-minute shower. Most bathtubs take 30 to 50 gallons, so unless you take 20-minute showers – and I hope you don’t – soaking in the tub uses more.

Toto Aquia WaterSense Certified Dual-Flush Toilet
Because toilets account for 30 to 40 percent of residential water use, it’s particularly important to choose a WaterSense-labeled model that has been tested to perform well and uses 1.28 gallons per flush, or a dual-flush toilet that uses as little as 0.8 gallons. If you have a toilet that was manufactured more than 15 years ago (lift the lid and look inside the tank for a stamped date), you’re probably using between 3.5 and 7 gallons of water with each flush! Upgrading to a WaterSense model will save you a lot of money and won’t waste all that potable water.
Once you’ve got the right fixtures, focus on maintaining healthy indoor air quality in the room. Using 0-VOC paint on the walls is a no-brainer, but you also need to consider the vanity and other cabinetry. Stock cabinetry available at home improvement centers is made of particleboard or plywood that will offgas formaldehyde and finished with high-VOC enamel paint or stain. Support a local small business and protect your health by hiring a cabinet shop to build something using special plywood with no added formaldehyde, and Forest Stewardship Council-certified or reclaimed hardwood. Finish the cabinets with 0-VOC paint or stain, plus two coats of water-based, low-VOC polyurethane sealant so they’re easier to wipe down in a wet environment.

Vetrazzo Vanity Top in Cobalt Skky (made from Skky Vodka bottles)
There are a growing number of green countertops that work well in bathrooms. Two companies that use post-consumer recycled glass and concrete are Vetrazzo, originally from the Bay Area in California but now manufactured in Georgia, and Icestone, manufactured in Brooklyn.
Both use a cement mix that incorporates fly ash – a waste product from the coal industry – and leaves out the petrochemicals. These countertops are impervious to water but will need to be sealed every year or so to protect them from acids used in the bathroom. Avoid solid surface materials that contain plastics as they emit harmful chemicals during manufacturing and are not recyclable or biodegradable. Similar-looking and high-performing countertops that don’t have these issues include Paperstone, made of pressed and baked recycled paper, and EcoTop, made of recycled paper and bamboo fiber.
Prices for the American-made materials listed above range from $35 to $100 a square foot, which can be more than some natural stones. However, stone is usually imported from China, India, and Europe, increasing the carbon footprint of the material, plus it’s hard to know for sure that proper ecological care is taken when stone is quarried in third-world countries. If you must use a natural stone, try to find remnant pieces from fabricators or building salvage yards.
Will remodeling a bathroom using eco-friendly materials cost more? A little; but you’ll save money on water, keep harmful chemicals out of your home, use less energy, and have better-made cabinetry that will last for decades, so it’s a better investment overall.